Termini di biologia in inglese

Definizioni in inglese dei principali termini della biologia.(3 pag. formato word) (0 pagine formato doc)

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DEFINITIONS THAT WILL MAKE YOUR LIFE EASIER DEFINITIONS THAT WILL MAKE YOUR LIFE EASIER!!! CELL THEORY: a) The cell is the fundamental unit of life.
b) All living things are made of cells. c) All cells come from cells. SOMATIC CELLS: Vegetative cells which don't produce gametes. Somatic cells are produced from preexisting cells through mitosis, in which the number of chromosomes per cell remains constant. DIPLOID CELL: A cell which contains a pair of homologous chromosomes. APLOID CELL: A cell which has one copy of each gene, and therefore has only one copy of each chromosome. GERM CELLS: Cells which create haploid gametes.
GAMETE: A haploid sex cell. MEIOSIS: Cell division found in eukaryotic organisms. In this process, a haploid cell divides twice in order to produce four haploid cells. MITOSIS: A type of nuclear division in which somatic cells are produced. Equational division. MEMBRANE: The "outer covering" of a cell, and it's organelles. All membranes have two layers and are therefore called "bilayers." CYTOPLASM: The substance contained within the plasma membrane of the cell. The region in which translation takes place. ORGANELLE: The membrane bound parts of a cell. RIBOSOME: A cellular component composed of proteins and another class of RNA (rRNA). ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: The area where most proteins and lipids synthesize. A "hallway" between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. ENZYME: An organic catalyst. DNA: Deoxyribose nucleic acid. Here's a little something about the structure of DNA and the replication of DNA. GENE: An inhereted set of instructions for making proteins. ALLELE: A copy of each gene. There are two alleles for each gene, one maternal copy and one paternal copy. CODON: A sequence of three nitrogenous bases. ANTICODON: The sequence of three bases (a codon), found in tRNA, which is complementary to the three bases of mRNA. mRNA: Messenger RNA. A type of RNA which transports the information about the sequence of the amino acids in the protein to be manufactured, from the nucleus to the ribosomes. tRNA: Transfer RNA. tRNA binds to a specific amino acid and has an anticodon on one end. The anticodon bears a set of three bases which are complementary to the mRNA codon for that particular amino acid. It carries its amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis. rRNA: Ribisomal RNA. A type of RNA which combines with proteins to form ribisomes. Aids in translation. DELETION: The processin which nucleotide pairs are removed from a gene. BENIGN: Cancer which remains confined to its original location. CANCER: Uncontrolled cell growth. CARCINOGENS: Causes of cancer. CARCINOMA: Cancers which arise from the skin. They constitute 90% of all cancers. CYTOTOXIC T CELLS: "Cancer fighters" produced by the immune system to search for and destroy canceroud cells. DIPEPTIDE: A chain comprised of two amino acids which are bound by a peptide bond. EVOLUTION: Inhereted change within a population over time, directed by natural selection acting upon